Check out these conflict mediation organizations and see the approaches they take to resolve conflict in contexts all over the world.
by Taylor O’Connor and Mustapha Ali | 4 October 2024
“By peace we mean the capacity to transform conflicts with empathy, without violence, and creatively – a never-ending process.” – Johan Galtung
I learned a little bit about conflict mediation when getting my Masters in Peace and Conflict some years back. And during over a decade working in peacebuilding I’d see lots of peace initiatives training people to be mediators. But I always felt like conflict mediation was a very particular skillset. In all my years working in peacebuilding, I never had to formally mediate a conflict.
While at some level, I feel like learning some basic conflict mediation skills is useful, I also recognize that the mediation of violent conflict, when you are actually engaged in mediation, is a much more technical process. As such, it requires a different skillset. It also requires a different approach and way of thinking about how to mediate conflict.
So I did a bit of research to find groups and organizations out there that are seriously about mediation of violent conflict, and to see what approaches they take. What I found was very fascinating. It really opened my eyes to what mediation of violent conflict actually entails, and of the different approaches taken when initiating such a process.
I’ve shared some key lessons learned with you as well as provided a description of the key organizations I’ve found that are dedicated to the mediation of violent conflict. For those interested, I encourage you to get connected with some of these groups, learn about their approaches, and discover the resources they have available about mediation. Join their webinars and events, sign up for their email lists, and get involved. The work they do is so important. And for those of you who work for peace, you may find ways to integrate their tools and approaches in your own work.
Lessons learned on mediation of violent conflict
While conducting research to map organizations that mediate violent conflict I learned a lot about the approaches they take and other topics. Below is a review of key lessons learned while conducting research for this blog post.
Approaches taken for mediation, negotiation, peace process support and diplomacy:
- Training and capacity-building on mediation, negotiation, diplomacy and other associated skills
- Trust building, relationship building, collaboration and partnerships with diverse local stakeholders to ensure diverse representation in peace negotiations
- Training and supporting insider mediators (i.e. persons from the local context that understand cultural and conflict dynamics, have community trust, and can mediate directly):
- Conducting research and mapping conflict dynamics to use in mediation or peace processes.
- Facilitating dialogue and mediation processes directly
- Strategic advice and technical support to non-state actors to engage in peace processes
- Research and resources: Conducting research and providing tools to aid diplomatic efforts.
- Directly engaging with parliaments and decision-makers to advocate for non-military conflict resolution solutions.
Other lessons learned while researching conflict mediation:
- Many organization focus a lot on inclusion in mediation and peace processes, with the emphasis on sustainability of peace agreements
- There is a lot of overlap of concepts and approaches in mediation and associated topics. Mediation organizations often use the term dialogue a lot. Other terms and approaches commonly discussed in mediation are conflict prevention, conflict management, conflict resolution, and conflict transformation.
- Negotiation and mediation generally are not a one-off event. Often they are processes covering a long period of time and many meetings, events and activities. Some build towards a consensus or agreement after many activities with diverse parties and stakeholders.
- The concept of mediation is used not only in conflict mediation. Mediation tools and approaches are also used in business mediation, property mediation, family and divorce mediation, and in other settings.
Definitions of mediation and associated terms
There are a lot of different terms and concepts used in this blog post. For quick reference I have provided some simple definitions below.
Mediation (general term): Mediation is a structured process in which an impartial third party assists disputing parties in reaching a mutually acceptable agreement. The mediator facilitates communication, promotes understanding, and helps identify solutions that work for both sides. Unlike arbitration, a mediator does not impose a decision. Instead, mediation is a voluntary and collaborative effort where the outcome is determined by the parties themselves. (American Bar Association)
Mediation (in conflict situations): Mediation refers to a conflict resolution method where a neutral third party helps conflicting parties communicate more effectively to resolve their differences. It is often used to resolve disputes in contexts ranging from family law to international peace processes. Mediation seeks to improve dialogue, clarify issues, and find common ground without forcing an outcome on the participants. (UN Peacemaker)
Negotiation: Negotiation is a process in which two or more parties with different needs and goals discuss an issue to find a mutually acceptable solution. It involves communication, compromise, and problem-solving to resolve differences or achieve agreement without conflict. Negotiation is used in various contexts, including business, law, and international diplomacy. (Harvard Law School Program on Negotiation)
Conflict management and conflict resolution: Conflict management in peace studies refers to the use of techniques and interventions to reduce the intensity of a conflict and prevent its escalation. It differs from conflict resolution in that the primary goal is not necessarily to solve the conflict entirely, but to manage its impact to promote peace and stability, often seen in post-conflict or ongoing violent situations. (Source: Peace and Conflict Studies Journal)
Peace process: A peace process is the sustained, often long-term, effort to resolve violent conflict through dialogue and negotiation. It typically involves multiple phases, including pre-negotiation, active negotiations, and implementation of peace agreements, which are supported by international actors, mediators, and civil society to ensure a comprehensive resolution. (Source: The United Nations Mediation Support Handbook)
Diplomacy: Diplomacy is a tool for peaceful engagement between conflicting parties, focused on long-term conflict resolution through discussion and agreements, often facilitated by international organizations like the United Nations (UNDPPA). The focus is on reducing tensions and ensuring all voices, including marginalized groups, are heard in diplomatic processes. (The UN Mediation Support Unit)
Arbitration: Arbitration according is a tool for resolving disputes, particularly in cases where mediation fails. It emphasizes that arbitration is a structured approach where conflicting parties agree to let a third party decide the outcome, helping to avoid prolonged conflict. (International Alert)
Conflict mediation organizations
Below is a list of organizations working in mediation of violent conflict, both at international level and at national and local levels. I have included only international organizations that work explicitly in mediation, not local or national organizations, and not large organizations that carry out many activities including some activities in mediation.
Mediation organizations often use dialogue as a tool, but their focus is mediation. There are other organizations that use dialogue, but not for mediation. These are not included as I have separate blog posts on interfaith dialogue and on dialogue for civic engagement. I will also create a blog post on restorative justice which is related to mediation and I’ll link that here when it is complete.
I have not included the following:
- Mediation organizations that mediate conflict in relationships, family, divorce, businesses, property, or national laws,
- Academic studies of mediation and negotiation, unless they have a practical component, conduct research or provide resources
- Think tanks that have published some resources on mediation, unless they are explicitly dedicated to mediation
Organizations dedicated to conflict mediation and negotiation
Organization listed below work directly and explicitly in conflict mediation and/or negociation. Many focus on capacity-building, empowering local mediators through training and support to ensure that mediation processes are culturally sensitive and contextually relevant. Most focus on collaboration and fostering partnerships with local communities and stakeholders to facilitate ownership of the mediation process. Many emphasize the importance of insider mediators, who can navigate cultural dynamics and enhance trust among conflicting parties.
Mediation Support Unit of the UNDPPA
The Mediation Support Unit (MSU) of the UN Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs (UNDPPA) provides expert support for mediation efforts to prevent and resolve conflicts worldwide. They work to strengthen the UN’s mediation capacity by offering technical expertise, operational support, and capacity-building initiatives to mediators and envoys working in peace processes. They deploy standby mediation experts, provide training on conflict resolution, and offer advice on process design and strategic approaches to complex peace negotiations. Their website includes an extensive database of peace agreements and other resources for frontline mediators.
Mediators Beyond Borders International (MBBI)
Mediators Beyond Borders International (MBBI) is dedicated to supporting communities in resolving conflicts through mediation, capacity-building, and collaborative dialogue. They train mediators and provide conflict resolution services globally. They also work through partnerships and support locally-led mediation initiatives. They have a team of over 200 specialists in 33 countries.
Network for Religious and Traditional Peacemakers
Network for Religious and Traditional Peacemakers works to connect, empower, and support grassroots-level religious and traditional actors in peacebuilding efforts. They amplify the roles of religious and cultural leaders in conflict resolution and mediation. They provide mediation support and training to enhance the capacities of local peacebuilders using their unique approach of what they call ‘insider mediators’. Specifically, they have programming to train/support tradition and faith-oriented mediators, women faith-based mediators, and youth faith-based mediators. They also conduct research, host collaborative events with network members, have working groups, and publish resources.
The Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue (HD Centre)
Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue (HD Centre) works to prevent and resolve armed conflicts through mediation and dialogue. They support peace processes by facilitating negotiations between conflicting parties, offering discreet mediation services, and promoting dialogue at both local and international levels. They provide technical support to peace process and offer direct facilitation services to support peace processes in many conflict zones around the world. They conduct research and publish tons of great resources to strengthen mediation practice and policy. Their website is a wealth of resources.
Crisis Management Initiative (CMI) / Martti Ahtisaari Peace Foundation
The Crisis Management Initiative (CMI) is a Finnish organization founded by Nobel laureate Martti Ahtisaari. They are dedicated to preventing and resolving violent conflicts through dialogue and mediation. They bring together conflict parties and create sustainable solutions that promote peace and security. They are involved in facilitating peace processes, providing conflict analysis and mediation expertise, and supporting local actors in conflict areas to strengthen their capacity for conflict resolution. They have a team of over 100 international experts and 300 global partners leading innovative in conflict affected contexts around the globe. There high-level dialogue and mediation activities create safe spaces for important conversations and negotiations, building trust and understanding between conflicting parties.
Program on Negotiation (PON) at Harvard Law School
The Program on Negotiation (PON) at Harvard Law School is an interdisciplinary research center dedicated to advancing the theory and practice of negotiation and conflict resolution. They work to improve the processes of negotiation, mediation, and conflict management across a variety of sectors, including business, government, and international relations. They provide academic courses, publish research, organize workshops, and offer negotiation training programs to professionals worldwide. Since their founding in 1983 they have cultivated a large community of scholars and practitioners dedicated to reshaping the world of negotiation and dispute resolution.
Institute for Integrated Transitions (IFIT)
The Institute for Integrated Transitions (IFIT) global think tank focused on advising fragile and conflict-affected countries to bridge social and political divides. They provide technical advice, conduct research, and create frameworks for reform in collaboration with local and international actors. They have a team of over 330 local and global experts on negotiation and transition. They provide advising services to key decision-makers, establish close working partnerships with diverse local actors, and work collaboratively to find locally-grounded solutions to complex political and social problems.
Centre of Competence on Humanitarian Negotiation (Frontline Negotiations Initiative)
The Centre of Competence on Humanitarian Negotiation (CCHN), also called the Frontline Negotiations Initiative, works to support negotiations in fragile and conflict-affected regions, especially for frontline humanitarian workers. They strengthen the capacity of humanitarian workers to engage in negotiations to gain access to populations in need, ensuring aid can be delivered in complex environments. The initiative provides training, research, and resources aimed at helping frontline actors navigate the challenges of negotiating in high-risk situations to protect civilians and deliver critical services.
Organizations that support peace processes
Organizations listed below work to support peace processes and conflict mediation. They often prioritize inclusivity in peace negotiations by conducting research and building partnerships with marginalized communities. Many organizations facilitate dialogue and trust-building activities in conflict zones, and some work to support specific non-state actors or groups traditionally excluded from peace processes. While there are many local and national organizaitons involved in specific peace processes, there are fewer international organizatinos working explicitly on peace process. National organizations are not included here.
Inclusive Peace
Inclusive Peace is a small think tank that works to promote inclusive strategies in peace processes and political transitions globally. They work to ensure that peace negotiations are more inclusive of diverse societal groups, particularly marginalized communities such as women, minorities, and civil society actors. They conduct research, provide advisory services, and offer policy recommendations to support stakeholders in creating more sustainable and representative peace agreements by enhancing inclusivity in decision-making processes.
Center for Social and Political Studies
The Center for Social and Political Studies (CSSP) is a Berlin-based organization that works on conflict mediation and peace processes. They work to enhance dialogue and trust in conflict zones by offering mediation, negotiation support, and dialogue process facilitation services. CSSP works in various conflict regions across Europe, Africa, and the Middle East, providing expertise and capacity-building to local actors to foster sustainable peace and societal cohesion. They deploy insider-outsider mediation teams to support political and community leaders in transforming conflicts.
Independent Diplomat
The Independent Diplomat provides diplomatic support and advisory services to unrecognized states, territories, and marginalized groups in conflict situations. They work to empower these entities to engage effectively in international diplomacy and advocate for their rights on the global stage. They offer training, strategic advice, and networking opportunities to enhance the diplomatic capabilities of their clients, ensuring their voices are heard in international discussions and peace processes. The Independent Diplomat challenges the traditional diplomatic landscape to ensure voices of marginalized persons and groups are heard at the table. They empower democratic groups and smaller governments to pave the way for positive change, offering strategic support rooted in human rights and democracy.
Diplomacy and arbitration organizations
Organizations listed below are focused on diplomacy and/or arbitration. Most offer short and/or long trainings on diplomacy and arbitration skills to empower individuals and organizations to effectively facilitate dialogue and mediate conflicts. Some conduct research or provide resources and tools for diplomacy. Some engage in political dialogues directly or engage directly with parliaments and decision-makers advocating for non-military solutions to conflicts.
Institute for Multi-Track Diplomacy
The Institute for Multi-Track Diplomacy (IMTD) works to enhance conflict resolution and mediation practices worldwide through training, education, and support. They provide training and resources to individuals and organizations engaged in mediation, with a particular emphasis on international conflicts and negotiations. They offer participatory workshops and certification programs, and produce a range of educational materials, aiming to empower practitioners to effectively facilitate dialogue and achieve sustainable peace.
Inter-Parliamentary Union
Founded in 1889, the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) was the first permanent forum for multilateral political negotiations. Over the years, the IPU has played a leading role in the development of international law and institutions, including the Permanent Court of Arbitration, the League of Nations, and the United Nations. A member-based organization, the IPU works with parliaments and parliamentarians worldwide to articulate and respond to the needs and aspirations of the people, to promote peace, democracy, human rights, gender equality, youth empowerment, and sustainable development. They do this by organizing political dialogues, facilitating cooperation amongst parliamentarians, and coordinating parliamentary action. IPU also sponsors and takes part in international conferences and forums, and has consultative status with the United Nations.
The Council of International Conflict Resolution (known as RIKO)
Council of International Conflict Resolution (aka RIKO) is an independent think tank based in Denmark focused on conflict resolution and peacebuilding through dialogue and mediation. Their efforts advocate for non-military solutions to international conflicts, and the work to strengthen the Danish foreign policy tradition of acting as a mediator between the parties in international conflicts. Through solution-oriented analyses and information on mediation and peacebuilding, RIKO strives to create a well-informed decision-making basis for Danish foreign policy. engaging and influencing decision-makers and informing the public on alternatives to military interventions.
Get involved and support conflict mediation
The organizations I’ve highlighted in this blog post are at the forefront of mediating violent conflicts worldwide. I urge you to explore their work and engage with their resources. You may want to join their email list and participate in their events. And you may find ways to support their work, or perhaps consider how their approaches might be applied your own peace efforts.
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